General Surgery Specimens
Laparoscopic Surgery
EndoSim developed a realistic simulation model of common laparoscopic procedures using ex-vivo explants. A domed lid includes a rubber membrane that allows insertion of laparoscopic ports and instruments. The ex-vivo specimens used in the EASIER 1 or 2 model consist of porcine tissue or bovine tissue harvested at USDA inspected slaughterhouses as a byproduct of the meat production industry. The ex-vivo tissue promotes a realistic laparoscopic experience using commercially available laparoscopic devices. Of highest importance, is the haptic feedback of real tissue simulation models that provide a comparable training environment as in a real patient.
Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
For the simulation of NOTES, a complete porcine peritoneal cavity explant is used in the EASIER model for the simulation of endoluminal and transluminal surgical procedures.
This model is useful for the training of basic NOTES procedures, such as establishing transgastric and transcolonic access, peritoneal exploration, and tissue biopsy. For the more advanced ‘digestivist’, the EASIER can facilitate organ resection (cholecystectomy, distal pancreatectomy, liver lobe resection, hysterectomy, oophorectomy) or gastrointestinal anastomosis techniques (gastrojejunostomy, partial gastrectomy, colectomy). Multiple gastrotomies or colotomies can be performed in a single model. To facilitate multiple participants during gastrotomy or colotomy, each procedure ends by closing the perforation with a variety of closure devices.
In addition to the endoscopic view, surgical procedures can be observed through the clear acrylic cover. By removing the lid, a direct assessment of tissue incision, resection, and clip application can be undertaken by gross inspection of the the surgical site.
In contrast to using live animals for NOTES training, the use of ex-vivo specimens obtained from the meat industry, does not involve ethical concerns and is not subject to IRB approval.
For the simulation of laparoscopy or hybrid NOTES procedures a special cover with laparoscopic ports is used instead of the clear lid. This permits the use of commercially available laparoscopic instruments.
Skin Suture Pad
Skin samples from real porcine skin can be used to practice suturing such as closing cuts and lacerations with simple and advanced interrupted suturing, subcuticular suturing, continuous suturing, skin stapling or application of adhesive strips.
Surgical Real Tissue Ex-vivo Models
Porcine full abdominal explant
Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, ileum, liver, gallbladder, and kidneys
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy
NOTES
EMR/ESD
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus-stomach-duodenum specimen
Diagnostic EGD
Endoscopic Mucosa Resection (EMR)
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
Variceal band ligation
POEM
POEM
Balloon Enteroscopy
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus, stomach, duodenum and 6 feet of small bowel (ileum)
Single balloon enteroscopy
Double balloon enteroscopy
Stomach Defect
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus-stomach-duodenum specimen with target perforations
Perforation closure
UGI Hemostasis
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus-stomach-duodenum specimen with 6-8 bleeding vessels sutured into the anterior stomach wall
Hemostasis in the upper GI tract:
Injection
Cautery
Clipping
Suturing
Twisted Sleeve
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus-stomach-duodenum specimen with altered anatomy resembling the status post laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Twisted sleeve model realistically simulates a gastric volvulus as a complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Zenker’s
Cartridge task trainer with ex-vivo model of an artificial pharyngoesophageal diverticulum with a pharyngeal pouch
Zenker diverticulotomy
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Porcine ex-vivo esophagus-stomach-duodenum specimen with altered anatomy resembling the status post laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
ERCP in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Anatomy
Porcine Colorectal Specimen
Porcine colon and rectum with mesentery, urinary bladder, vagina, ovaries, salpinx
Laparoscopic colectomy
Laparoscopic hemicolectomy
Bovine Colorectal Specimen
Bovine colon and rectum with mesentery, urinary bladder, vagina, ovaries, salpinx
Laparoscopic colectomy
Laparoscopic hemicolectomy
Bovine Colon Polyp specimen
Bovine ex-vivo colon specimen with 6-8 bleeding vessels
Endoscopic Polypectomy in the colon
Proctoscopy
Cartridge model of a porcine ex-vivo anus and rectum
Proctoscopy
Hemorrhoid ligation
Anal sphincter repair
Bovine colon EMR/ESD specimen
Bovine ex-vivo colon specimen
EMR/ESD in the colon and rectum
Colonic stenosis
Porcine ex-vivo colon specimen with simulated stenosis
Colon dilation and stent placement
LGI Hemostasis
Porcine ex-vivo colon specimen with 6-8 bleeding vessels
Hemostasis in the colon or rectum
Porcine Colon Polyp specimen
Porcine ex-vivo colon specimen with 6-8 bleeding vessels
Polypectomy in the colon
Bovine Colon Polyp specimen
Bovine ex-vivo colon specimen with 6-8 bleeding vessels
Polypectomy in the colon